FRCP Rule 12
Federal rule governing pre-answer motions and defenses.
FRCP 12 governs the timing and form of defenses, including motions to dismiss. Rule 12(b) lists seven specific defenses that may be raised by motion before answering, including lack of jurisdiction (12(b)(1), (2)), improper venue (12(b)(3)), insufficient service (12(b)(4), (5)), failure to state a claim (12(b)(6)), and failure to join a required party (12(b)(7)).